This has started and ran before or is this a new to you truck?
Old starter made same noise? Is this a Manual trans? I think they have a different nosecone for the MT trucks. Nosecone is what the starter gear is in.
To be clear both the starter and ring gears are different for diesel. Just in case they gave you the wrong one.
Did the engine turn over ok by hand? If so the above advice to turn it with a screwdriver or prybar from the ring gear will help you check for flexplate issues or slipping ring gear - the weird stuff. Look at the ring gear before you turn it to see if you can see where things are grinding at.
Check the starter drive as new parts are not always good. If the starter starts spinning before the gears mesh it will just grind. Bad alignment will prevent the gears from meshing and the spring allows the starter solenoid to spin the starter anyway. So any binding in the starter drive or of the starter drive and you get grinding.
It is possible to get a growl from a starter if voltages are bad. It needs 9V at the starter solenoid terminal and 10 or 11 at the battery cable on the starter while cranking. All you can do is check the battery cable, positive for internal corrosion and the connections both positive and grounds. If you do not get 9V at the solenoid this could be an issue not pulling the drive in.
