Ok this is starting to make sens now, I was thinking the truck was going to be a daily driver with "occasional" HD hauling. don't quote me on this, but iirc the 4l80 and 4l60's are electrically the same for the most part, but parts are not interchangeable between the two. connecting the 4l80 to the existing ECM so long as the trans connector is pinned correctly (can't remember if the internal harness is pinned differently) it should shift. it's not gonna shift at the right times due to the gear ratios and whatnot, but I think it should at least function.
Now the torque converter, depending on what was driving the 4l80 before it was pulled from it's donor you might need to get a replacement designed for your engine. afaik the 454 gassers and the 6.5 diesels used the same torque converter, others used a different one. this is due to the low RPM stall.
On to the driveshaft and 4x4 if equipped. if you have 4x4, this is where things will be different. if the 4l80 you have already had it's transfer case, good. but if you are going to be re-using your existing one, things will need to be modified for it to mount. and for the floor shifter linkage unless it's cable operated. the trans shifter is cable operated to change gears from the column so no mods needed there. electrically IDk if they are the same or not.
Drive shaft will need to be shortened and depending on if you have a two piece shaft, you will need to be careful about the pinion angle as well. shortening it at the front shaft section between the transfer case and the slip yolk is you best bet so not to change the pinion angle. if you have a local driveline shop nearby they can fix you up. Once the trans and everything is installed, just have the truck towed to them and they'll get the driveline installed for you.
Now on to what can be the hair pulling part. if the existing ECM doesn't like the trans or transfer case, you have two options.... find a junkyard ECM that used your same engine/trans combo (giving the fact your local state will allow this, some states won't pass the inspections) or have your ECM flashed for that trans and t-case combo. If you can find someone with a real GM tech 2 and has a paid subscription to GM's tuning options they should be able to flash it, or others that do aftermarket tuning can do it also. other than this, you will need to replace your factory ECM with something like a Holley Terminator X which is fully customizable, again that also falls on how your local state is with vehicle inspections.
all in all is it worth the hassle? compare it to buying a new truck that will do everything you want... when you return home after getting sticker shocked from the price tags of a new truck on top of going into debt for as much as a house, then you can decide if it's worth the hassle of upgrading your "Now paid off truck that YOU hold the title on"
it's all do-able, it's just how much your budget is and what you want to accomplish, how it will help you, and what type of return you will get from it.