As you can see below, the properties are similar, but the 4 balls test and volatility numbers are a little better for the 15w-40. It protects from wear a little better and cooks off a little less.
Unless you live way up north, and I mean way up, the difference in cold cranking isn't much of an issue. Tundra based customers should by all means use the 5w-30.
Both have the same extended drain capability, and the AME 15w-40 is cheaper. Both are outstanding oils, it's really a personal preference.
TYPICAL TECHNICAL PROPERTIES
AMSOIL Synthetic SAE 15W-40 Heavy-Duty Diesel and Marine Motor Oil (AME)
Kinematic Viscosity @ 100°C, cSt (ASTM D-445)
14.2
Kinematic Viscosity @ 40°C, cSt (ASTM D-445)
93.2
Viscosity Index (ASTM D-2270)
157
CCS Viscosity @ -20°C, cP (ASTM D-5293)
4386
Pour Point °C (°F) (ASTM D-97)
-42 (-44)
Flash Point °C (°F) (ASTM D-92)
238 (460)
Fire Point °C (°F) (ASTM D-92)
256 (493)
Four Ball Wear Test (ASTM D-4172B: 40 kg, 75°C, 1200 rpm, 1 hour), Scar, mm
0.35
Noack Volatility, % weight loss (g/100g) (ASTM D-5800)
7.0
High Temperature/High Shear Viscosity
(ASTM D-4683 @ 150°C, 1.0 X 106 s.-1, cP
4.3
Total Base Number 12.1
TYPICAL TECHNICAL PROPERTIES - Revised as of 6/08
AMSOIL Series 3000 Synthetic 5W-30 Heavy-Duty Diesel Oil (HDD)
Kinematic Viscosity @ 100°C, cSt (ASTM D-445)
11.4
Kinematic Viscosity @ 40°C, cSt (ASTM D-445)
65.4
Viscosity Index (ASTM D-2270)
170
Cold Crank Simulator Apparent Viscosity @ -30°C, cP (ASTM D-5293)
5271
Pour Point °C (°F) (ASTM D-97)
-50 (-58)
Flash Point °C (°F) (ASTM D-92)
240 (464)
Noack Volatility (DIN 51581) 250°C for 1 hour, % weight loss
7.6
High Temperature/High Shear Viscosity, cP, 150°C, 1.0 x 106 s-1 (ASTM D-4683)
3.4
Four-Ball Wear Test (ASTM D-4172: 40kgf, 150°C, 1800 rpm, 1 hr) Scar diameter, mm
0.38
Total Base Number
12.1