Why not yank the motor out and buy a military surplus 6.2 and build a hybrid 6.2/6.5 turbo??? It would most likely be the cheapest route.
X2 on this 6.2 repower. But is this truck really in good enough shape to spend this kind of cash on it?
Your video clearly shows the engine is missing. If you rev it up or drive it a bit does the white smoke and shake go away? Is there a puff out of the oil fill tube for 1 cylinder or a steady 8 puff stream? Mine will miss at first startup but will clear up quickly with RPM and or load and RPM.
When the engine is cold the cold advance switch on the thermostat crossover closes. (It open at 140 degrees.) This moves the solenoid on the IP that opens the throttle. It also changes the advance via a second wire to the IP. When you turn the key on you need to floor the throttle and release it to allow the solenoid to engage the high idle: do this during the wait to start glow plug light before starting the engine. You need 650 hot idle and 750 cold as I recall. Do not adjust the hot idle without knowing how to adjust the TPS.
Quick and dirty test:
Cold truck turn on the ignition do not start. Check voltage to ground at both the pink wire and the other wire going to the top of the IP. We don't care about the pink shut off solenoid wire really, because your engine runs, but it better have 12V or your meter is not working. The other wire should have 12v. The solenoid should also have 12v. Manually open the throttle and watch the screw fall down and lock in. If this does not have 12v check the switch. Probe the harness and see if it has 12v. Short the harness pins and check. Note do not ground the harness as you will pop a fuse labeled gauge.
So a failed cold advance switch will cause the engine to run bad when cold. Bad glow plugs will be over come as the engine gets some RPM and the non-firing cylinders start working from heat.
You are missing the fan shroud. Quickest way to ruin a 6.5 is get it hot, as in anything over 210. 210 should be a red line. You need the fan shroud even in 32 degree weather towing. I suspect your 6.5 got hot and if the oil filler is puffing I have a tear down thread on that scuffed and burned through piston...
The IP needs to be timed by ear. The IP line is a starting point. You may have a stretched timing chain.
White smoke is too retarded. Black smoke is too advanced. Black smoke is ok when the cold advance is on. Black smoke is not rolling the coal...