When we got these trucks (and the gassers) new innthe fleet, one of the things we would do before it went into service was out these fittings and do barbed fitting, rubber hose piece and hose clamps.
I am still convinced this fitting plays a role in proper cooling system operation, notice its a different PN than the gasser, and there is a plastic restrictor in the hole.
Can you do better pics of the blocking plastic piece? I know they tried to do a liner to help stop the errosion. The dissimilar metals cause galvanic corrosion, and the coolant flow compounded it with electrolisys. The liner was supposed to be like the ones you use for an hot water heater in your house, but the first version of them still let coolant get in contact with the metal of the fitting, so they were going to do a redesign. I never heard more after that.
If they solved the coolant touchind the fitting problem, then the galvanic problem probably solved by a coating from this company: http://www.vannay.com/
As for restriction question a simple test with: the fitting, plumbing, a jug of water and a stop watch solves. Does it fix the problem- i dont think so- they could have much easier put a crimp in the metal line restricting flow and made that change much cheaper and more controlled.
I remember on the tour, the die that crimps the end of the metal line that connects there had to be replaced every month, so a new die with a deeper crimp isnt like a real design change costs anything more than a couple hours from an engineer, and the next month it is inplace at no added costs. Plastic die changes are more pricey to do and last much longer- so a more risky attempt at fixing a flow issue.