Damage?
Nah, not much more than it would anyways.
First time I started my 98 when the temps dropped I almost instinctively turned it off! That was at -1.91 tdco and holy crap was that sucker loud!
I've since backed it off to within factory specs for cold weather and the "bangin" goes away much sooner than when it was -1.91. Truck feels the same to the "butt dyno" as it did when advanced. Swapping out the timing is a simple process and part of my winter/summer maintenance routine now (well, a reflash is now also in there too, but that's my little secret

)
Best thing to do is start 'er up, give it a couple seconds to quiet a bit and then drive off. It'll warm up faster this way.
Why?
As we all should know, our trucks are fuel throttled. That means at idle very little fuel is being injected, so very little heat is produced.
If you want it to warm to acceptable driving temps, you have to step on the throttle to inject more fuel, to make more heat. Or, do the "hi idle mod" and click it on once started.
But you'll waste far more fuel sitting at idle waiting for it to warm (you're getting 0 MPG and diesels don't make a lot of heat at idle as mentioned above) than if you drive it down your street to warm it (getting at least "some" MPG).
There's also more to be considered than just coolant temperature when cold starting a vehicle.
Sure, the engine is coming up to temp if you sit at idle for 5-10-20 mins. But the trans doesn't build much heat, the transfer case stays dead cold, the axles are still dead cold, etc....this reduces lubrication, makes for larger clearances in components and bites you again by sucking back your fuel mileage trying to spin through a cold sump.
From a cold start/warming perspective and considering the whole rig rather than just a part of it, it's better to drive it to warm it rather than sitting still.
Just take it easy on the old girl for a couple miles until the temp gauge cracks off the peg.....
I'm lucky in that my street is a
cul de sac and I can crawl down the road at 20-30 KPH with a smidge of throttle before I need to get on it with any real authority.
Just some stuff to think about....
