You only replaced 1 of 2 batteries, why? Perhaps they are 6 months or less old? The diesels take 2 batteries and are hard on them. Cranking speed is critical. The old battery will drag the new battery down and shorten it's life.
Regardless you get a click when you turn the key. This means the starter solenoid is getting power. So ign switch etc is OK. Test it if you want:
1) 9v or more at solenoid terminal when turning they key.
2) 11v or more at main battery terminal on starter.
Possible problems are:
Bad positive cable to starter. Bad connection at positive battery cable. Bad battery grounds. Bad battery taking good battery charge down, bad starter Intermittent.
So I would check the battery cables and connections. Then load test both batteries - making sure to disconnect them so you read each one. Look for stiff cables from internal corrosion from acid leaks from batteries. The positive cables are very prone to this.
Assuming the voltages are good as noted above or because you have the starter out already I would assume the starter has a bad solenoid. Replace the starter. I had one that would spin 3 of 4 tries clicking the 4th try. Again the battery question needs to be answered first.